Basic Syntax Elements in C#

1. Comments
2. Variables and Data Types
3. Operators
4. Control Flow Statements
5. Methods
6. Classes and Objects

Example Program Demonstrating Basic Syntax

Here’s a simple C# program that demonstrates various basic syntax elements:

csharp
1using System;  // Importing the System namespace
2
3namespace BasicSyntaxExample  // Declaring a namespace
4{
5    class Program  // Declaring a class named Program
6    {
7        // The Main method - the entry point of the program
8        static void Main(string[] args)
9        {
10            // 1. Variables and Data Types
11            int age = 25;  // Integer variable
12            string name = "Alice";  // String variable
13            double height = 5.7;  // Double variable
14            bool isStudent = true;  // Boolean variable
15
16            // 2. Output
17            Console.WriteLine("Name: " + name);
18            Console.WriteLine("Age: " + age);
19            Console.WriteLine("Height: " + height);
20            Console.WriteLine("Is Student: " + isStudent);
21
22            // 3. Control Flow Statements
23            if (age < 18)
24            {
25                Console.WriteLine(name + " is a minor.");
26            }
27            else
28            {
29                Console.WriteLine(name + " is an adult.");
30            }
31
32            // 4. For Loop
33            Console.WriteLine("Counting from 1 to 5:");
34            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
35            {
36                Console.WriteLine(i);
37            }
38
39            // 5. Method Call
40            GreetUser (name);
41        }
42
43        // 6. Method Definition
44        static void GreetUser (string userName)
45        {
46            Console.WriteLine($"Hello, {userName}! Welcome to the C# program.");
47        }
48    }
49}

Explanation of Each Syntax Element

1. Comments

   csharp
   1// This is a single-line comment.
   2/* This is a 
   3   multi-line comment. */

   • Comments are used to explain code and are ignored by the compiler. Single-line comments start with //, while multi-line comments are enclosed between /* and */.

2. Variables and Data Types

   csharp
   1int age = 25;  // Integer variable
   2string name = "Alice";  // String variable
   3double height = 5.7;  // Double variable
   4bool isStudent = true;  // Boolean variable

   • Variables are used to store data. Each variable has a type (e.g., int, string, double, bool) that defines the kind of data it can hold.

3. Output

   csharp
   1Console.WriteLine("Name: " + name);

   • Console.WriteLine() is used to print output to the console. The + operator concatenates strings.

4. Control Flow Statements

   csharp
   1if (age < 18)
   2{
   3    Console.WriteLine(name + " is a minor.");
   4}
   5else
   6{
   7    Console.WriteLine(name + " is an adult.");
   8}

   • Control flow statements (like if, else, switch, etc.) allow you to execute different blocks of code based on conditions.

5. For Loop

   csharp
   1for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
   2{
   3    Console.WriteLine(i);
   4}

   • A for loop is used to repeat a block of code a certain number of times. In this case, it counts from 1 to 5.

6. Method Definition and Call

   csharp
   1static void GreetUser (string userName)
   2{
   3    Console.WriteLine($"Hello, {userName}! Welcome to the C# program.");
   4}

   • Methods are blocks of code that perform a specific task. They can take parameters (like userName) and can be called from other parts of the program.